Guettard published in 1746 the first mineralogical map.
Joan. Ant. Scopoli published in 1774 his " Crystallographia Hungarica, exhibens crystallos indolis terrae cum figuris rariorum"in which, crystals and crystal groupings, in particular those of quartz, are illustrated for the first time in a realistic and precise way.
Sage published his "Elements of docimastic mineralogy" (second edition: 1777).
Palasou published In 1784 his " Test on mineralogy of the Pyrenees Mounts ".
A. G. Werner established In 1787 a classification of the rock formations, this work is regarded as the base of descriptive petrography. He emitted his theory of "neptunism" : igneous and metamorphic rocks derive from a marine origin.